Reading EXPLORER 2

Answers 

Contents
Unit 1 – On the Menu Unit 2 – Animals and Language Unit 3 – History Detectives Unit 4 – Great Destinations Unit 5 – Storms Unit 6 – Reef Encounters Unit 7 – Sweet Scents Unit 8 – Great Explorers Unit 9 – Traditions and rituals Unit 10 – Global Warming Unit 11 – Incredible Insects Unit 12 – Going to Extremes 

Unit 1
Lesson 1A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

On the Menu
The Home of the Olive
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. separate; 2. enhance; 3. cultivate; 4. harvest; 5. produce B. b. the history and benefits of olive oil

account (for), approximately, associated (with), attackers, ceremony, civilization, evidence, initially, liquid, process

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the history, production, benefits, and use of olive oil.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. d; 2. c (lines 5–6); 3. b (line 11); 4. d (lines 26 and 29); 5. a (paragraph 5) B. Inside the Mediterranean Region: a and d; Outside the Mediterranean Region: b; Both: c and e

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. accounts for; 2. associated with; 3. approximately; 4. evidence; 5. process B. 1. d; 2. a; 3. e; 4. c; 5. b

Lesson 1B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

A Taste of the Caribbean
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. From top to bottom: 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 B. 1. It is a sauce or base for other dishes; 2. Onion, garlic, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, cilantro, olive oil, and oregano

aspect, assumption, base, contrasting, immigration, import, invade, layered, occasionally, remarkable

Reading Passage Summary:
Historically, there have been many different cultural influences on Puerto Rican food, one of which is sofrito, a popular base for many Puerto Rican dishes.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a (lines 5–6); 2. b (paragraph 2); 3. b (line 4); 4. c (line 24); 5. b (line 28) B. 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. F; 5. T; 6. T; 7. F

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. aspect; 2. occasionally; 3. imported; 4. base; 5. layers B. 1. invaded; 2. contrasting; 3. assumption; 4. immigration; 5. Remarkably

Explorer More!
Video Summary: The humble olive tree has been an important part of life in Greece for thousands of years, providing food, shelter, and even peace in the form of an olive branch.

Answer Key
A. 1. F; 2. T; 3. F B. 1. initially; 2. assumption; 3. processed; 4. accounts for; 5. civilization; 6. associated; 7. aspect; 8. remarkable; 9. evidence; 10. liquid C. 1. It is useful for cooking and enhancing health. 2. Possible answers: green tea and red wine 

Unit 2
Lesson 2A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Travel and Adventure
Ocean Giants
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. a. 2; b. 1; c. 3 B. Humpback whales are intelligent, lighthearted, and active at the surface of the water, and swim close to land.

alarmed, awareness, complex, constantly, curiously, enemy, harm, interact, unknown, variety

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about humpback whales and explore research findings about their songs and singing habits.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. d (line 23); 3. d; 4. b (line 25); 5. a (line 36) B. 1. b; 2. c; 3. e; 4. d; 5. a

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. interacting; 2. complex; 3. enemies; 4. variety; 5. curious B. 1. constantly; 2. alarmed; 3. harmed; 4. awareness; 5. unknown

Lesson 2B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Our Bond with Dogs
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Answers will vary. B. 1. Jacques, a beagle; 2. Tiffy, a Maltese; 3. Jessie, a whippet

acquired, domestic, garbage, government, luggage, obedient, partnership, plenty, selection, talents

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about three types of dogs that play very different roles in human society.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. b (paragraph 1); 3. b (line 9); 4. c (lines 40); 5. a (lines 33–35) B. 1. Tiffy: d and e; 2. Jacques: c; 3. Jessie: b; 4. Both Jessie and Jacques: a

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. luggage; 2. garbage; 3. government; 4. domestic; 5. partnership B. 1. acquire; 2. obedient; 3. talent; 4. plenty; 5. selection

Explore More!
Video Summary: Learn about the special relationship between dog and man, and how these loyal animals came to be Man’s Best Friend. C. 1. Dogs are used for search-and-rescue to locate people after disasters, they herd and manage livestock such as sheep, they serve as guides for people with handicaps such as blindness, and they find and retrieve game for hunters. 2. Many other domestic animals such as cats and horses have a close bond with people.

Answer Key
A. a. 2; b. 1; c. 4; d. 3 B. 1. partnership; 2. variety; 3. plenty; 4. talent; 5. luggage; 6. obedient; 7. interacting; 8. unknown; 9. selection; 10. domestic 

Unit 3
Lesson 3A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

History Detectives
Secrets of the Pharaohs
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. From top to bottom: tomb; coffin; mummy; Archeologist B. Theories include murder, an injury from war or a hunting accident, or an infection from a knee fracture.

analyze, attach, conduct, exclude, infection, injury, luxurious, murder, teenager, theory

Reading Passage Summary:
Discover how modern technology is used to solve the mystery of King Tutankhamun’s death in 1322 B.C.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c (line 52); 2. b; 3. c (lines 25–27); 4. a (line 32); 5. d (line 51) B. From left to right: 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. luxurious; 2. theory; 3. exclude; 4. conducted; 5. injuries B. 1. infected; 2. analysis; 3. murder; 4. teenagers; 5. attachment

Lesson 3B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

A Body in the Mountains
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. c; 2. b; 3. c B. Answers will vary.

beneath, cruelly, debatable, deduce, enable, frozen, imply, laborer, tiny, wealth

Reading Passage Summary:
Investigation of the Iceman, a frozen mummy found in the Italian Alps, gives clues about his life and death 5,300 years ago.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. d (lines 14–15); 3. c (lines 37–40); 4. b (line 43); 5. a (line 49) B. 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F; 5. F

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. cruelly; 2. wealth; 3. laborer; 4. tiny; 5. debatable B. 1. beneath; 2. deduce; 3. frozen; 4. implies; 5. enables

Explore More!
Video Summary: An important discovery is made when a mummified young Inca girl turns out to be one of many human sacrifices. C. 1. Possible answer: They can learn what people looked like, what they wore, their health and diet, and perhaps some things about their belief system. 2. For further information about the Inca or other past civilizations, see the Mysteries of the Ancient World section at http://www.nationalgeographic. com/history/ and use the pull-down menu on the top right of the webpage.

Answer Key
A. b. She was sacrificed to the mountain god. B. 1. conducting; 2. deduce; 3. murdered; 4. theory; 5. analyzed; 6. injury; 7. beneath; 8. enable; 9. frozen; 10. attached 

Vocabulary Building 1
Answer Key
A. 1. characters; 2. Linguists; 3. language family; 4. offi cial language; 5. mother tongue (or native/fi rst language); 6. native speaker; 7. living language; 8. dead language B. Reading: reddened, dryness, brightness, quicken, lightness, saddened; Table: 2. sadden, sadness; 3. lighten, lightness; 4. redden, redness; 5. quicken, quickness; 6. dryness 

Unit 4
Lesson 4A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Great Destinations
Big City Travel
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. track; 2. apartment; 3. landmark; 4. commuter; 5. terminal B. 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. d

ceiling, conveniently, economic, feature, focal, located, modernization, object, sightseer, threaten

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about Manhattan’s Grand Central Terminal and the successful fight to preserve it.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b (lines 44–45); 2. b (lines 29–32); 3. c (paragraph 1 and caption to his photograph); 4. a (line 19); 5. b B. 1. information booth; 2. newspaper (line 48); 3. tobacco smoke; 4. oldest business; 5. Historic Landmark

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. located; 2. threatened; 3. modernizing; 4. sightseers; 5. economic B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b

Lesson 4B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Postcards from India
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Photos are numbered clockwise from top left: 1 (snake charmers), 3 (Taj Mahal) and 2 (Kailash temple); a. diverse; b. impressive; c. monuments; and d. sculptures B. a goddess

appeal (to), cave, cultural, derive, establish, permitted (to), policy, preserve, surrounding, supposedly

Reading Passage Summary:
Take a short tour of Mumbai, India, and experience the city and some of its sights.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a (lines 21–22); 3. c; 4. b (lines 38–39); 5. a B. Colonial India: a, d, and f; Independent India: b and g; Both: c and e (still famous today)

Vocabulary Practice
A. a. cultural; b. derived; c. appeal; d. surround; e. established B. 1. supposedly; 2. permitted; 3. cave; 4. preservation; 5. policies

Explore More!
Video Summary: The historic Darjeeling Himalayan Railway may be the slowest train in the world, but it is also one of the most beloved.

Answer Key

A. 1. a; 2. a B. 1. modernization; 2. established; 3. preserved; 4. appeals; 5. sightseers; 6. surrounding; 7. convenient; 8. derive; 9. permits; 10. located C. 1. It still works for travel in the mountains, and it appeals to tourists. 2. Answers will vary. 

Unit 5
Lesson 5A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:
circumstance, currently, distribute, engineer, expose, ignore, resident, sector, sink, widespread

Storms
When Disaster Strikes
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. helicopter; 2. roof; 3. fl ooding; 4. levee B. 1. Hurricane Katrina; 2. Some people died or were injured, others lost homes and belongings.

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the cause of the fl ooding of New Orleans in 2005, the aftermath, and the city’s future.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. d; 2. c (line 6); 3. d; 4. b (line 46); 5. d B. a. 3; b. 4; c. 2; d. 5; e. 1

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. exposed; 2. ignore; 3. circumstances; 4. distributed; 5. engineers; 6. widespread; 7. sectors; 8. reside; 9. sink B. 1. sinking; 2. resides; 3. Circumstances; 4. Engineers; 5. exposed; 6. ignore; 7. distribute; 8. widespread; 9. sector

Lesson 5B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Superstorm
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T B. Students scan the passage to fi nd the words in blue and check answers to Activity A.

blame, combination, cycle, energize, forecast, humid, professional, qualify, rotate, upward

Reading Passage Summary:
Find out how tropical cyclones (hurricanes or typhoons) are formed, their dangers, and diffi culties in forecasting them.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. d (footnote 2); 3. b (line 17); 4. a (line 32); 5. b B. 1. d; 2. a; 3. e; 4. c; 5. b

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. humid; 2. rotate; 3. upward; 4. qualifying; 5. cycle; 6. blame; 7. forecast; 8. professional; 9. combination B. 1. qualifies; 2. blame; 3. cycle; 4. Professional; 5. rotates; 6. combination

Explore More!
Video Summary: The formation of Hurricane Katrina and how it developed into one of the most destructive storms in U.S. history is explained. emergencies and have a plan; pay attention to weather forecasts and evacuate if told to; don’t rebuild or live in areas that cannot be protected from storms. 2. Answers will vary.

Answer Key
A. 1. catastrophic; 2. destruction; 3. tropical; 4. condensation B. 1. combination; 2. circumstances; 3. humid; 4. upward; 5. cycle; 6. rotate; 7. energized; 8. qualifi ed; 9. exposed; 10. widespread C. 1. Some lessons learned are: be prepared for 

Unit 6
Lesson 6A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:
brilliantly, conservation, consumption, creature, generation, jewelry, negative, pollution, shallow, source

Reef Encounters
Coral Reefs
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T B. How coral is formed, Coral reef wildlife, and Problems affecting reefs

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about coral reefs, their importance, and some of the threats they are facing.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c (lines 14–15); 3. b; 4. c; 5. b B. 1. fi sh as possible; 2. building material; 3. liquid cyanide; 4. the aquarium market; 5. turn white

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. conservation; 2. shallow; 3. creatures; 4. negative; 5. generations B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a

Lesson 6B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

The Truth About Sharks
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. a type of fi sh; 2. length; 3. teeth; 4. dead things; 5. nets B. Some common ideas about sharks are not true.

arrange, bite, categorize, comprehend, confusion, factually, gather, horror, hypothesize, inaccurate

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about great white sharks, their attacks on people, and why so few people are actually eaten by them.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c (lines 6–8); 2. a (paragraph 2); 3. b (line 26); 4. c; 5. b (line 25) B. a. F (lines 28–29); b. T (lines 38–40); c. T (lines 41–43); d. F (lines 25–26); e. F (lines 31–33)

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. horror; 2. confusion; 3. inaccurate; 4. bite; 5. factual B. 1. comprehend; 2. arranged; 3. hypothesize; 4. gather; 5. categorized

Explore More!
Video Summary: Swimming with sharks may not be as scary as people think, but its increasing popularity raises questions about how safe it actually is. ways of protecting marine environments include passing and enforcing laws prohibiting cyanide fishing or dragging nets across the ocean fl oor. Other ways include supporting organizations that attempt to educate people about the environment and endangered species.

Answer Key

A. 1. Answers will vary. 2. Answers will vary. 3. a B. 1. creatures; 2. horrifi ed; 3. negative; 4. inaccurate; 5. bite; 6. hypothesize; 7. confuse; 8. consume; 9. comprehends; 10. factual C. 1. Answers depend on the species or type of sharks (some are harmless to people) and whether the sharks are fed or not. 2. Answers will vary. Some 

Vocabulary Building 2
Answer Key
A. 1. gulf; 2. glacier; 3. current; 4. channel; 5. poles; 6. tropics; 7. clouds B. Table: 2. combination; 3. condense; 4. conservation; 5. distribute; 6. evaporation; 7. generate; 8. location; 9. pollute; 10. precipitation; 11. preserve; 12. rotation Reading: evaporates, condenses, Precipitation, circulation, distribution, pollution, Conservation/ preservation, generations Note: conservation—saving and protecting the environment—and preservation—keeping the situation as it is—have very similar meanings. Either can be used in the reading passage. 

Unit 7
Lesson 7A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Sweet Scents
The Business of Flowers
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Students answer yes or no to complete the survey. B. b. the international business of cut flowers

claim, considerable, dominate, employment, export, handle, prevent, purchase, renowned, trade

Reading Passage Summary:
The passage discusses recent changes in the cut fl ower trade including flower research, production of fl owers in countries like Ecuador, auctions in the Netherlands, and shipping by air.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. b (lines 20–22); 3. a; 4. b (line 38); 5. b (line 54) B. 1. Netherlands: b and c; 2. Ecuador: a and d; 3. Both: e

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. prevent; 2. exported; 3. trade; 4. handle; 5. purchased B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a

Lesson 7B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Marketing Perfume
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Answers will vary. B. A new perfume for men was named for him. (lines 31–34)

authority, budget, commercials, display, distinctly, emphasis, essence, guard, job, obtain

Reading Passage Summary:
The reading passage describes some of the ways the perfume industry markets products.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. a (line 16); 3. d (lines 21–23); 4. a (lines 28–29); 5. c B. 1. b; 2. d; 3. c; 4. e; 5. a

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. essences; 2. obtained; 3. distinct; 4. budget; 5. derived B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a

Explore More!
Video Summary: Scientists are venturing deep into the forests of Madagascar to fi nd exciting new scents and fl avors for our products.

Answer Key
A. Answers will vary. 1. Perhaps unusual floral scents; 2. In perfumes, foods, and medicines B. 1. exports; 2. obtain; 3. essences; 4. distinctive; 5. considerable; 6. renowned; 7. authority; 8. joy; 9. commercial; 10. purchase C. 1. Answers will vary. 2. Some possibilities are perfumes or personal care products such as deodorants, shampoo, and toothpaste. 

Unit 8
Lesson 8A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Great Explorers
Marco Polo
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Venice, 24; 2. Locations in China from Shangdu in the north, all along the coast to Quanzhou in the south, then into Southeast Asia; 3. Other places he visited include Istanbul, Jerusalem, Beijing, and Xi’an. B. 1. To meet the powerful Mongol leader, Kublai Khan and work for him

administration, admire, contribution, journal, mineral, objective, palace, perceive, undertaking, voyage

Reading Passage Summary:
The passage describes Marco Polo’s long journey, his service to Kublai Khan, and technologies he learned about in the East.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. d; 2. b (lines 23–24); 3. b (lines 27–28); 4. d; 5. c (line 41) B. 1. 1266:3; 2. 1271:2; 3. 1275:1; 4. 1292:5; 5. 1299:4

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. voyage; 2. objective; 3. administration; 4. contributed; 5. journal; 6. perceived; 7. undertook; 8. admire; 9. Palace B. 1. undertake; 2. voyage; 3. admire; 4. perceive; 5. palace; 6. Administration; 7. objective; 8. journal; 9. contribute

Lesson 8B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Prince of Travelers
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Islam; 2. Ibn Battuta; 3. the equivalent of 44 modern countries (refer to line 11 in the passage); 4. 30 B. Students scan to check answers.

consent, finance, misfortune, prior, profitable, remote, translate, unparalleled, unpredictable, wisdom

Reading Passage Summary:
The reading passage describes some of the adventures of Ibn Battuta as he traveled widely throughout Asia and Africa in the 14th century.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a (line 8); 3. c (lines 25–26); 4. d (lines 12–14); 5. d (lines 33–35) B. 1. NG; 2. T (line 12); 3. T (line 22); 4. F (lines 27–28); 5. NG

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. remote; 2. prior; 3. unparalleled; 4. profitable; 5. misfortune B. 1. translators; 2. unpredictable; 3. fi nanced; 4. consented; 5. wisdom

Explore More!
Video Summary: Two determined women talk about what inspired them to ski across Antarctica, and how they shared their story with the world.

Answer Key
A. b. on skis. B. 1. contribution; 2. remote; 3. unparalleled; 4. perceive; 5. voyage; 6. Prior; 7. unpredictable; 8. misfortunes; 9. journal; 10. financed or admired C. 1. extreme cold, having to carry all supplies with them, trying to communicate from Antarctica 2. Answers will vary. For ideas, see http://adventure. nationalgeographic.com/ 

Unit 9
Lesson 9A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Traditions and Rituals
A sporting Ritual
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. From top to bottom: 4, 1, 3, 2 B. 1. stare at each other, slap, push, trip, and grip the other wrestler’s belt (lines 2–3); 2. silk (line 19); 3. samurai (line 20); 4. 4.55 meters across (line 23)

dimension, grip, hero, illustrate, impact, internationalize, origin, pure, restriction, shame

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the Japanese sport of sumo wrestling, its connections with ancient traditions, and the involvement of foreign fi ghters in the sport.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a (lines 7–8); 2. b (line 11); 3. d (line 4); 4. a (line 24); 5. b (paragraphs 5 and 6) B. Paragraph 1. b; Paragraph 2. e; Paragraph 3. d; Paragraph 4. a; Paragraph 5. c

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. internationalization; 2. grip; 3. origin; 4. restricted; 5. shame. B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a

Lesson 9B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Marriage Traditions
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Similar: all are ceremonies marking a change of status, the participants wear special clothes, all of the brides have some covering in or on their hair; Different: the colors of the clothes are different as are the specifi c rituals and traditions. B. b. A traditional wedding

camp, demonstrate, jealous, nearby, reserve, reunite, symbol, tent, wedding, wrap

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the wedding ceremony of a young Tuareg couple who live near the Sahara Desert.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. d; 2. a (lines 21–22); 3. d (lines 39–41); 4. b (lines 44–47); 5. c (line 58) B. 1. b; 2. e; 3. d; 4. a; 5. c

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. tents; 2. camp; 3. reserved; 4. symbol; 5. demonstrates; 6. wrapped; 7. reunite; 8. weddings B. 1. symbol; 2. reserved; 3. tent; 4. wrap; 5. wedding; 6. reunited; 7. demonstrate; 8. camp

Explore More!
Video Summary: Learn more about wedding customs of the Nubian people in Egypt and how they play an important role in maintaining endangered traditions.

Answer Key

A. 1. c; 2. a; 3. d; 4. b B. 1. wedding; 2. reunited; 3. symbol; 4. purity; 5. original; 6. restricted; 7. impact; 8. wrapped; 9. grips; 10. nearby C. 1. Using incense and henna, wearing gold jewelry, having week-long wedding celebrations 2. Answers will vary. 

Vocabulary Building 3
Answer Key
A. 1. trade; 2. producers; 3. goods; 4. consumers; 5. exports; 6. surplus B. 1. intercontinental; 2. Internet; 3. interdependent; 4. interchange; 5. interpret; 6. interviews 

Unit 10
Lesson 10A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Global Warming
A Warming World
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Number 12, the Careser glacier in Italy; 2. Number 8, the Nigardsbreen glacier in Norway; 3. Norway B. the Chacaltaya glacier in Bolivia and the Jacobshavn Isbræ glacier in Greenland

consequences, critical, environmentalist, melt, shift, slide, solve, uncover, unexpected, unstoppable

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the melting of glaciers int he Andes, Himalayan Mountains, and Greenland that may result in rising sea levels.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b (line 10); 3. d (lines 36–38); 4. c (line 39); 5. d (lines 43–44) B. 1. b; 2. e; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a; 6. f

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. critical; 2. solve; 3. Environmentalists; 4. melts; 5. unexpected B. 1. slides; 2. unstoppable; 3. shifts; 4. consequences; 5. uncover

Lesson 10B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Arctic Survivors
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Greenland; 2. walrus; 3. winter; 4. Qaanaaq (Thule) B. by dogsled

access, corporation, ethnicity, fund, gun, quantity, resource, starving, sufficient, urgently

Reading Passage Summary:
Learn about the problems that Inuit hunters face as sea ice conditions change as a result of global warming.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. b (line 27); 3. c (lines 4–5, 14–16); 4. d (paragraph 4); 5. c (41–43) B. 1. thick; 2. access; 3. the government; 4. training; 5. fi shermen, power plants

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. quantity; 2. starving; 3. access; 4. resources; 5. sufficient B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b 6. proud; 7. compete; 8. According

Explore More!
Video Summary: The process, causes, and consequences of global warming are explained, as well as what we can do to stop it.

Answer Key

A. 1. atmosphere; 2. ground; 3. gases B. 1. critical; 2. quantity; 3. sufficient; 4. melt; 5. consequences; 6. unstoppable; 7. solve; 8. Environmentalists; 9. urgently; 10. resources C. 1. Glaciers and sea ice will melt, ocean levels will rise and flood coastal cities, more severe storms will occur, plants and animals will have difficulty coping with a warmer environment. 2. Answers will vary. 

Unit 11
Lesson 11A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Incredible Insects
Small Wonders
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. from top to bottom, left to right: queen, major, submajor, media, minor B. c. make a nest

blind, broaden, capability, constitute, cooperation, delay, fellow, loyalty, nest, observe

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the highly coordinated social behavior of army ants.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. a (lines 9–10); 3. b; 4. a; 5. c B. 1. 300,000; 2. 320; 3. 200,000; 4. 300,000; 5. 700,000

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. nests; 2. constitute; 3. observed; 4. fellow; 5. loyalty B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b

Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Lesson 11B

Unexpected Beauty
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Photos 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 2. Answers will vary. B. b. How moths were caught and images produced for an interesting display.

carelessly, congratulate, credit, darkness, declare, disturb, emerge, overwhelming, reaction, retain

Reading Passage Summary:
Artist Joseph Scheer uses digital scanning to produce extremely detailed images of moths collected from a friend’s backyard.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c (lines 5–6); 2. d (lines 15–16); 3. a (lines 36–37); 4. a (line 40); 5. b B. 1. art; 2. beauty; 3. light; 4. scanner; 5. species

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. retain; 2. disturbed; 3. reaction; 4. darkness; 5. emerge B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a

Explore More!
Video Summary: Watch how the Butterfly Project has helped the conservation of the Abuku Sokoke forest in Kenya and its hundreds of rare species of butterflies. environment. 2. It depends on how the butterflies are used. If they are released into the wild, they could compete with native butterflies and have a negative effect on their populations. Some butterfly farmers are careful to only ship butterflies that ordinarily live in that location. Other insects that are commercially traded include ladybugs that eat aphids that destroy greenhouse plants. The ladybugs provide a natural way to control the pests without using harmful chemicals. For more on the butterfly trade, visit http://butterflywebsite.com/ or http://www.naturekenya. org/Kipepeo.htm for specific information on the farm in Kenya.

Answer Key
A. The animal is best shipped in the pupa stage because it is least active then and requires little care. Note: the plural of pupa is pupae [pronounced poo pee]. Write the word on the board. B. 1. broadened; 2. capable; 3. darkness; 4. emerge; 5. cooperate; 6. reaction; 7. observe; 8. retain; 9. delay; 10. declared C. 1. Raising butterflies is a sustainable business that provides income to people without damaging the forest 

Unit 12
Lesson 12A
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Going to Extremes
To the Edge of Space
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Wright Flyer; 2. Boeing 747; 3. Space Shuttle Columbia; 4. B-2 Spirit B. SpaceShipOne, designed by Burt Rutan, the first private spacecraft

aboard, crash, dozen, launch, license, requirement, resolve, scheme, thrill, weightless

Reading Passage Summary:
Read about the design, operation, and success of SpaceShipOne, the first private spaceship.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. b (lines 5–7); 3. c (lines 32–34); 4. d (line 36); 5. b (lines 40–42) B. 1. NG; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. launched; 2. requirements; 3. resolved; 4. crashed; 5. scheme B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a

Lesson 12B
Lesson Overview
Target Vocabulary:

Dark Descent
Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. feat; 2. descent; 3. passage; 4. entrance B. b. Game Over (lines 47–49)

dive, ease, exhilarated, necessity, option, relatively, rope, technique, tight, underground

Reading Passage Summary:
An international team explores the world’s deepest cave and faces challenges as they descend.

Reading Comprehension
A. 1. d; 2. a (paragraph 3); 3. a (lines 30–32); 4. d (line 36); 5. b (lines 35–36) B. 1. e; 2. b; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a

Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. option; 2. eased; 3. rope; 4. relatively; 5. necessity; 6. techniques; 7. dove; 8. underground; 9. exhilarated B. 1. ease; 2. underground; 3. Ropes; 4. option; 5. Necessities; 6. technique; 7. dive; 8. exhilarated; 9. relatively

Explore More!
Video Summary: A group of Girl Scouts tests their confidence and teamwork by embarking on an unusual camping trip—exploring an underground cave.

Answer Key
A. 1. rapelling; 2. caver; 3. ledge; 4. waterfall B. 1. techniques; 2. resolved; 3. relatively; 4. ropes; 5. underground; 6. tight; 7. option; 8. ease; 9. confidence; 10. exhilarating C. 1. As Jessica indicates, the right attitude or mindset is very important, as are caving techniques, an experienced guide, and physical fitness. 2. Answers will vary. 

Vocabulary Building 4 Answer Key
A. hemisphere; latitude; zone; summer; heat wave; climatologists; drought B. 1. zoologist; 2. archeologist; 3. climatologist; 4. psychologist; 5. geologist; 6. meteorologist; 7. sociologist; 8. paleontologist